As we welcome 2026, the release of the latest 10 Breakthrough Technologies list from MIT Technology Review signals the dawn of innovative advancements that could reshape our future. This year, among the highlighted technologies are game-changers such as gene resurrection, commercial space stations, and significant developments in climate and energy tech, specifically sodium-ion batteries, next-generation nuclear reactors, and hyperscale AI data centers.
Sodium-ion Batteries
Sodium-ion batteries are emerging as a promising alternative to the widely used lithium-ion batteries. The rising cost and scarcity of lithium have prompted both researchers and manufacturers to explore sodium as a viable solution. Sodium is abundant and poses a lower fire risk, making it an attractive option for large-scale energy storage and smaller electric vehicles. While sodium-ion batteries may not match the energy density of their lithium counterparts, they are gaining traction, particularly in China, where CATL has commenced large-scale production. This could revolutionize energy storage solutions, especially for grid applications.
Next-Generation Nuclear Reactors
Nuclear power remains a crucial element in global energy production, but many countries are grappling with outdated reactor designs that are expensive and slow to deploy. Next-generation nuclear technology aims to modernize this sector by introducing smaller, more efficient reactors that can be built faster and with less financial risk. Innovations in reactor design, including the use of alternative fuels and coolants, promise to enhance safety and efficiency. Notably, Kairos Power has received permission to commence construction on a next-gen reactor in the U.S., while China is making strides in developing multiple advanced reactors.
Hyperscale AI Data Centers
While not traditionally categorized as climate technology, the rise of hyperscale data centers is intricately linked to the energy landscape. These massive facilities, which support the growing demand for artificial intelligence, can consume over a gigawatt of power, rivaling the output of conventional nuclear plants. As the infrastructure for AI continues to expand, these data centers are becoming significant drivers of electricity demand, raising concerns about their environmental impact. The interplay between AI and climate will be a critical focus as we navigate the future of our energy systems.
Source: Three climate technologies breaking through in 2026 via MIT Technology Review