Weight-loss medications have recently garnered significant attention, particularly with Eli Lilly’s groundbreaking achievement of becoming the first healthcare company to reach a trillion-dollar valuation, largely driven by its diabetes and obesity treatments, Mounjaro and Zepbound. These drugs, which belong to the GLP-1 agonist class, are not only prescribed for managing diabetes but are also gaining traction for their potential in reducing heart attack and stroke risks among overweight individuals. Despite their promising applications, questions remain regarding their efficacy and safety, particularly concerning neurological and pregnancy-related health.
Research suggests that GLP-1 agonists, which mimic the action of the glucagon-like peptide-1 hormone produced in the gut, may offer unexpected benefits, such as improved mental health and reduced cravings for substances like alcohol. However, recent studies have raised concerns about their effectiveness in treating neurological disorders, specifically Alzheimer’s disease, where trials revealed disappointing results. Experts, including endocrinologist Daniel Drucker, remain cautiously optimistic about the potential of these drugs to promote brain health, as they may reduce inflammation and enhance neuronal communication, indicating that their role in cognitive function deserves further investigation.
Moreover, the implications of using these medications during pregnancy have become a matter of concern. Current guidelines recommend discontinuing GLP-1 medications two months prior to conception due to potential risks to fetal development, yet studies show mixed outcomes regarding their impact on pregnancy itself. Some research indicates that women who have previously used these drugs may face heightened risks of gestational diabetes and other complications, while other studies suggest a protective effect against such risks. As postpartum use of GLP-1 medications becomes more prevalent for weight loss, the need for comprehensive research on their effects during this critical period is more pressing than ever, highlighting the complexities surrounding their safe usage across different life stages.
Source: What we still don’t know about weight-loss drugs via MIT Technology Review