As many as a billion individuals globally still lack reliable internet access, particularly in remote areas. However, this situation may see significant improvement in 2023 with the advent of high-altitude platforms (HAPS) such as stratospheric airships and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Despite the presence of numerous Starlink satellites and the OneWeb constellation, comprehensive internet coverage remains elusive in many regions. Previous attempts to bridge this connectivity gap, notably Google’s Loon project, faced substantial challenges. Launched to deliver internet via high-altitude balloons, the initiative was ultimately deemed economically unfeasible due to the balloons’ tendency to drift and the ongoing costs of replacement.
Current advancements in HAPS technology have garnered attention, with several companies proposing innovative solutions to the issues faced by Loon. These include steerable airships and fixed-wing UAVs, which are set to be tested in locations such as Japan and Indonesia. Regulatory bodies, like the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, are beginning to formulate guidelines for integrating these platforms into national airspace. The potential for HAPS to connect underserved populations is particularly promising; according to the U.S. Census Bureau, millions of American households remain offline. Industry experts believe that these technologies could provide a more cost-effective alternative to traditional infrastructure, such as fiber-optic cables.
Among the frontrunners is Aalto HAPS, a spin-off from Airbus, which has developed a solar-powered UAV named Zephyr. This aircraft, boasting a wingspan of 25 meters, has achieved notable milestones, including record-setting flight durations. In early 2023, Zephyr is slated for a test run over southern Japan, focusing on connectivity for remote islands that are typically challenging to reach with conventional cell towers. Partnering with major telecommunications firms like NTT DOCOMO and Space Compass, the initiative aims to integrate HAPS into Japan’s communication framework, potentially revolutionizing connectivity in hard-to-reach areas. Another contender, New Mexico-based Sceye, is also preparing for trials with SoftBank, leveraging the advantages of airship technology to enhance connectivity reliability. Both companies are optimistic that their innovations will finally address the persistent digital divide, providing access to millions who have been left behind by traditional internet solutions.
Source: Stratospheric internet could finally start taking off this year via MIT Technology Review